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Copper recovery from waste printed circuit boards concentrated metal scraps by electrolysis

Xiaonan Liu, Qiuxia Tan, Yungui Li, Zhonghui Xu, Mengjun Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0997-4

摘要： Copper recovery is the core of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) treatment. In this study, we proposed a feasible and efficient way to recover copper from WPCBs concentrated metal scraps by direct electrolysis and factors that affect copper recovery rate and purity, mainly CuSO ·5H O concentration, NaCl concentration, H SO concentration and current density, were discussed in detail. The results indicated that copper recovery rate increased first with the increase of CuSO ·5H O NaCl, H SO and current density and then decreased with further increasing these conditions. NaCl, H SO and current density also showed a similar impact on copper purity, which also increased first and then decreased. Copper purity increased with the increase of CuSO ·5H O. When the concentration of CuSO ·5H O, NaCl and H SO was respectively 90, 40 and 118 g/L and current density was 80 mA/cm , copper recovery rate and purity was up to 97.32% and 99.86%, respectively. Thus, electrolysis proposes a feasible and prospective approach for waste printed circuit boards recycle, even for e-waste, though more researches are needed for industrial application.

关键词： Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs)     Copper     Recovery rate     Purity     Electrolysis    

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Electrochemistry during efficient copper recovery from complex electronic waste using ammonia based solutions

Zhi Sun, Hongbin Cao, Prakash Venkatesan, Wei Jin, Yanping Xiao, Jilt Sietsma, Yongxiang Yang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 308-316 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1587-x

摘要： Leaching selectivity during metal recovery from complex electronic waste using a hydrochemical process is always one of the generic issues. It was recently improved by using ammonia-based leaching process, specifically for electronic waste enriched with copper. This research proposes electrodeposition as the subsequent approach to effectively recover copper from the solutions after selective leaching of the electronic waste and focuses on recognising the electrochemical features of copper recovery. The electrochemical reactions were investigated by considering the effects of copper concentration, scan rate and ammonium salts. The diffusion coefficient, charge transfer coefficient and heterogeneous reaction constant of the electrodeposition process were evaluated in accordance with different solution conditions. The results have shown that electrochemical recovery of copper from ammonia-based solution under the conditions of selective electronic waste treatment is charge transfer controlled and provide bases to correlate the kinetic parameters with further optimisation of the selective recovery of metals from electronic waste.

关键词： copper recovery     electronic waste     end-of-life products     selective leaching     electrodeposition    

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A critical review on the recycling of copper and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards using

Zebing Wu, Wenyi Yuan, Jinhui Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Lili Liu, Jingwei Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0995-6

摘要： Currently, increasing amounts of end-of-life (EoL) electronic products are being generated due to their reduced life spans and the unavailability of suitable recycling technologies. In particular, waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) have become of global concern with regard to environmental issues because of their high metal and toxic material contents, which are pollutants. There are many environmental threats owed to the disposal of electronic waste; off-gasses, such as dioxins, furans, polybrominated organic pollutants, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can be generated during thermal treatments, which can cause serious health problems if effective off-gas cleaning systems are not developed and improved. Moreover, heavy metals will dissolve, and release into the ground water from the landfill sites. Such waste PCBs contain precious metals which are of monetary value. Therefore, it is beneficial to recover the metal content and protect the environment from pollution. Hydrometallurgy is a successful technique used worldwide for the recovery of precious metals (especially gold and silver) from ores, concentrates, and waste materials. It is generally preferred over other methods because it can offer high recovery rates at a relatively low cost. This article reviews the recent trends and developments with regard to the recycling of precious metals from waste PCBs through hydrometallurgical techniques, such as leaching and recovery.

关键词： Waste PCBs     Precious metals     Hydrometallurgy     Recycling     Leaching     Recovery    

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含铜黄连素制药废水预处理与资源化技术研究

曾萍,宋永会,崔晓宇,段亮,邱光磊,肖书虎,马印臣,单永平

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第3期   页码 88-94

摘要：

针对化学合成制药含铜黄连素废水特点，设计了铁碳微电解和离子交换组合工艺为预处理工艺，开展了小试与中试试验研究。结果表明，采用铁碳微电解池-离子交换柱组合工艺连续处理初始CODCr浓度为60 000~80 000 mg/L、黄连素浓度为1 700~1 900 mg/L、Cu2+浓度为12 000~18 000 mg/L的含铜黄连素制药废水，小试试验对黄连素和Cu2+的去除率都在99.0 %以上，出水黄连素和Cu2+在1.0 mg/L和0.5 mg/L以下。中试试验对CODCr的去除率在44.0 %以上，Cu2+的去除率超过79.0 %。处理每吨水可回收12～13 kg铜。该工艺有较好的废水预处理效果，实现了金属铜资源化回收，可有效减少对后续废水生化处理工艺的压力。

关键词： 化学合成制药废水     铁碳微电解     离子交换柱     黄连素含铜废水     预处理    

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曝气生物滤池处理工业综合废水提标改造技术研究

林齐,宋永会,李冬,张杰

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第3期   页码 95-102

摘要：

针对曝气生物滤池工艺不具备脱氮除磷功能，特别是在处理工业综合废水时出水不能稳定达标排放的问题，提出了“化学除磷+气浮除油+水解酸化+前置反硝化曝气生物滤池”的全流程处理工艺，并通过中试研究对处理流程以及各个处理单元运行参数进行了优化，在水解酸化2.0 h，投加混凝剂硫化铁量为40.0 mg/L，气浮溶气压力3.5 kg/cm2，AO池125 %回流比，水力停留时间为20.0 min的条件下，其出水达到国家一级A排放标准的要求。并对升级改造的建设和运行费用进行了核算，为同类污水处理厂的升级改造工程提供理论依据和数据支持。

关键词： 工业综合废水     污水处理厂     曝气生物滤池     升级改造    

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Copper and zinc interaction on water clearance and tissue metal distribution in the freshwater mussel

Tianxiang XIA, Xuehua LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 236-242 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0218-8

摘要： Copper and zinc interaction on clearance from water and distribution in different tissues was investigated for the freshwater mussel, , under laboratory conditions. Clearance rate of Cu or Zn from water was highly dependent on exposure concentration. Interaction effect was most evident at 300 μg·L Cu exposure and depressed the Zn clearance rate significantly ( <0.05). However, the presence of 100 μg·L and 300 μg·L Zn hardly affected the Cu clearance rate. The 300 μg·L Cu presence enhanced Cu accumulation in each tissue most significantly ( <0.01), but caused Zn content to decrease in the gills by 62% ( <0.05), viscera by 49% ( <0.05) and foot by 31% ( <0.05), and increase in the mantle by 97% ( <0.05) and the muscles by 243% ( <0.05) for different Zn exposure treatments. The response of metal accumulation in various tissues of the test mussels indicated that Zn transferred from the gills, viscera and foot to the mantle and muscles might be one of the important characteristics of the Zn regulatory mechanism by leading to a narrow range of Zn concentration in the different tissues.

关键词： interaction     mussel     copper     zinc     clearance     distribution    

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Identification and assessment of environmental burdens of Chinese copper production from a life cycle

Xiaolong SONG,Jianxin YANG,Bin LU,Bo LI,Guangyuan ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 580-588 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0599-8

摘要： The environmental burdens of Chinese copper production have been identified and quantified in the context of typical technologies, materials supplies and environmental emissions by a life cycle approach. Primary and secondary copper production using copper ores and scraps, respectively, were analyzed in detail. The flash and bath smelting approaches and the recycling of copper scraps were selected as representative copper production processes. A quantitative analysis was also conducted to assess the influence of material transport distance in copper production. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results showed that resources depletion and human health contribute significantly to environmental burdens in Chinese copper production. In addition, the secondary copper production has dramatically lower environmental burdens than the primary production. There is no obvious distinction in overall environmental burdens in primary copper production by flash or bath smelting approach. However, resources depletion is lower and the damage to human health is higher for flash smelting approach. Ecosystem quality damage is slight for both approaches. Environmental burdens from the mining stage contribute most in all life cycle stages in primary copper production. In secondary copper production, the electrolytic refining stage dominates. Based on the life cycle assessment results, some suggestions for improving environmental performance were proposed to meet the sustainable development of Chinese copper industry.

关键词： copper production     environmental burden     life cycle assessment     refined copper    

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迎接铜工业挑战——低成本处理硫化铜精矿途径的思考

朱祖泽

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第2期   页码 87-90

摘要：

对过去10年来铜冶炼的技术进步和铜价格的变化作出的简要回顾指出，未来铜市场的竞争是取决于冶炼技术的生产成本的竞争。坚持自我研究开发和引进相结合才能保证我国铜工业健康稳定发展，并能应付国际竞争。评述了现在强氧化-PS转炉吹炼-火法精炼-电解流程的不足；分析了火湿法联合流程的可能性及依据；新的火湿法联合流程将有更强的竞争优势。

关键词： 未来铜工业     硫化铜精矿     低成本处理    

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Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 117-130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0788-7

摘要： Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment. Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature, no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete. In particular, the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete, which is required for various structural applications, such as limit state design formulation, reliability-based structural analysis, etc., has so far not attracted the attention of researchers. This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-, flexural- and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate. Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments. In addition, the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building, considering the proposed distribution model. The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.

关键词： waste copper slag     quantification of variability     goodness-of-fit test     seismic risk assessment     PSDM    

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Microwave enhanced stabilization of copper in artificially contaminated soil

Hua ZHANG, Zhiliang ZHU, Noboru YOSHIKAWA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 205-211 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0290-2

摘要： Microwave processing was used to stabilize copper ions in soil samples. Its effects on the stabilization efficiency were studied as a function of additive, microwave power, process time, and reaction atmosphere. The stabilization efficiency of the microwave process was evaluated based on the results of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. The results showed that the optimal experimental condition contained a 700 W microwave power, 20 min process time and 3 iron wires as the additive, and that the highest stabilization efficiency level was more than 70%. In addition, the different reaction atmospheres showed no apparent effect on the stabilization efficiency of copper in the artificially contaminated soil. According to the result of the Tessier sequential extraction, the partial species of copper in the contaminated soil was deduced to transform from unstable species to stable states after the microwave process.

关键词： microwave     copper     stabilization    

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Cuprous oxide/copper oxide interpenetrated into ordered mesoporous cellulose-based carbon aerogels for

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 918-929 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2305-0

摘要： The casual discharge of dyes from industrial settings has seriously polluted global water systems. Owing to the abundance of biomass resources, preparing photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of dyes is significant; however, it still remains challenging. In this work, a cuprous oxide/copper oxide composite was interpenetrated onto carbon nanosheets of cellulose-based flexible carbon aerogels (Cu2O/CuO@CAx) via a simple freeze-drying-calcination method. The introduction of the carbon aerogel effectively prevents the aggregation of the cuprous oxide/copper oxide composite. In addition, Cu2O/CuO@CA0.2 has a larger specific surface area, stronger charge transfer capacity, and lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than copper oxide. Moreover, Cu2O/CuO@CA0.2 exhibited high photocatalytic activity in decomposing methylene blue, with a degradation rate reaching up to 99.09% in 60 min. The active oxidation species in the photocatalytic degradation process were systematically investigated by electron spin resonance characterization and poisoning experiments, among which singlet oxygen played a major role. In conclusion, this work provides an effective method for preparing photocatalysts using biomass resources in combination with different metal oxides. It also promotes the development of photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

关键词： carbon aerogel     photocatalysis     dye degradation     biomass     cuprous oxide/copper oxide    

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Nano-copper ions assembled cellulose-based composite with antibacterial activity for biodegradable personal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1544-1554 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2288-2

摘要： The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in the widespread use of personal protective equipment, particularly face masks. However, the use of commercial disposable face masks puts great pressure on the environment. In this study, nano-copper ions assembled cotton fabric used in face masks to impart antibacterial activity has been discussed. To produce the nanocomposite, the cotton fabric was modified by sodium chloroacetate after its mercerization, and assembled with bactericidal nano-copper ions (about 10.61 mg·g–1) through electrostatic adsorption. It demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli because the gaps between fibers in the cotton fabric allow the nano-copper ions to be fully released. Moreover, the antibacterial efficiency was maintained even after 50 washing cycles. Furthermore, the face mask constructed with this novel nanocomposite upper layer exhibited a high particle filtration efficiency (96.08% ± 0.91%) without compromising the air permeability (28.9 min·L–1). This green, economical, facile, and scalable process of depositing nano-copper ions onto modified cotton fibric has great potential to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental impact of waste, while also expanding the range of protective fabrics.

关键词： cellulose-based     nanocomposite     biodegradable antibacterial fabric     nano-copper ions     face masks    

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Improved resilience measure for component recovery priority in power grids

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 545-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0161-5

摘要： Given the complexity of power grids, the failure of any component may cause large-scale economic losses. Consequently, the quick recovery of power grids after disasters has become a new research direction. Considering the severity of power grid disasters, an improved power grid resilience measure and its corresponding importance measures are proposed. The recovery priority of failed components after a disaster is determined according to the influence of the failed components on the power grid resilience. Finally, based on the data from the 2019 Power Yearbook of each city in Shandong Province, China, the power grid resilience after a disaster is analyzed for two situations, namely, partial components failure and failure of all components. Result shows that the recovery priorities of components with different importance measures vary. The resilience evaluations under different repair conditions prove the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： resilience measure     power grid     importance measure     component recovery    

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PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 589-597 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2

摘要： Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%–57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.

关键词： polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)     secondary copper production     emission     risk     China    

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Field evidence of decreased extractability of copper and nickel added to soils in 6-year field experiments

Bao Jiang, Dechun Su, Xiaoqing Wang, Jifang Liu, Yibing Ma

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0990-y

摘要： The phytotoxicity of added copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) is influenced by soil properties and field aging. However, the differences in the chemical behavior between Cu and Ni are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the extractability of added Cu and Ni in 6-year field experiments, as well as the link with their phytotoxicity. The results showed that the extractability of added Cu decreased by 6.63% (5.10%–7.90%), 22.5% (20.6%–23.9%), and 6.87% (0%–17.9%) on average for acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil from 1 to 6 years, although the phytotoxicity of added Cu and Ni did not change significantly from 1 to 6 years in the long term field experiment. Because of dissolution of Cu, when the pH decreased below 7.0, the extractability of Cu in alkaline soil by EDTA at pH 4.0 could not reflect the effects of aging. For Ni, the extractability decreased by 18.1% (10.1%–33.0%), 63.0% (59.2%–68.8%), and 22.0% (12.4%–31.8%) from 1 to 6 years in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils, respectively, indicating the effects of aging on Ni were greater than on Cu. The sum of ten sequential extractions of Cu and Ni showed that added Cu was more extractable than Ni in neutral and alkaline soil, but similar in acidic soil.

关键词： Copper     Nickel     EDTA     Sequential extraction    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Copper recovery from waste printed circuit boards concentrated metal scraps by electrolysis

Xiaonan Liu, Qiuxia Tan, Yungui Li, Zhonghui Xu, Mengjun Chen

期刊论文

Electrochemistry during efficient copper recovery from complex electronic waste using ammonia based solutions

Zhi Sun, Hongbin Cao, Prakash Venkatesan, Wei Jin, Yanping Xiao, Jilt Sietsma, Yongxiang Yang

期刊论文

A critical review on the recycling of copper and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards using

Zebing Wu, Wenyi Yuan, Jinhui Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Lili Liu, Jingwei Wang

期刊论文

含铜黄连素制药废水预处理与资源化技术研究

曾萍,宋永会,崔晓宇,段亮,邱光磊,肖书虎,马印臣,单永平

期刊论文

曝气生物滤池处理工业综合废水提标改造技术研究

林齐,宋永会,李冬,张杰

期刊论文

Copper and zinc interaction on water clearance and tissue metal distribution in the freshwater mussel

Tianxiang XIA, Xuehua LIU

期刊论文

Identification and assessment of environmental burdens of Chinese copper production from a life cycle

Xiaolong SONG,Jianxin YANG,Bin LU,Bo LI,Guangyuan ZENG

期刊论文

迎接铜工业挑战——低成本处理硫化铜精矿途径的思考

朱祖泽

期刊论文

Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete

期刊论文

Microwave enhanced stabilization of copper in artificially contaminated soil

Hua ZHANG, Zhiliang ZHU, Noboru YOSHIKAWA

期刊论文

Cuprous oxide/copper oxide interpenetrated into ordered mesoporous cellulose-based carbon aerogels for

期刊论文

Nano-copper ions assembled cellulose-based composite with antibacterial activity for biodegradable personal

期刊论文

Improved resilience measure for component recovery priority in power grids

期刊论文

PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

期刊论文

Field evidence of decreased extractability of copper and nickel added to soils in 6-year field experiments

Bao Jiang, Dechun Su, Xiaoqing Wang, Jifang Liu, Yibing Ma

期刊论文